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) N* u& h* X& `6 vTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网 c P8 K, R/ I* R, _mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ" g0 U" U% S: M, D, j& T( |
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& a+ e) w/ _# z+ [ u# T2 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。& k' x2 A2 F) B: E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第) A- L& J3 j4 C/ b: f9 U7 M) l, Omso-font-kerning:0pt">5, \5 J) [+ f7 U
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4 z9 U7 ~, {, E! amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：9 s. ~5 u( x" a0 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* m* f. J' |0 M$ h/ ]/ r# imso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：( x" [8 `7 T, k+ }$ H- R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。8 V$ ]" [6 Z) J& \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 l5 X4 f& c; P. H( l/ x9 T; s
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" W1 }( Y6 B$ L- N3 o, m8 D2 smso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：) J8 [3 }$ @3 e) _
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。, z; b: e+ v1 H. o7 r' n( ]% f* Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：9 `, N. }! D( O9 i! T+ V
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？; O, R9 @2 r1 C7 E. b- v
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* h+ Y- q8 g3 W8 H: Z0 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：& N# c' D- v' Q9 N0 E& }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. v d/ P; o, [9 p) I7 B- B, Zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' P! |5 U* E6 b" P, [! y
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 J( \3 ~. j* A4 n: Y/ x; R
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$ _/ e2 r. @5 f$ c9 S$ c) qmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。+ A; a7 u w9 D% ~( ~ p+ Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：+ K( [8 B6 Q$ D( b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。8 c* U1 n1 ` X7 C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 q' e- E4 F" ]3 \% _& j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：3 V0 v8 ^ { o5 T+ ^0 R# m6 r0pt">"' [$ L% |* A" E/ [mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
8 y6 j& C& `! T8 @5 J3 L* X1 }5 d* PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。* i& Z% u# V' z- \
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* J. I& G5 J q! l" H" ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：6 w+ v) P5 U, _3 A( D
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; g1 s7 E: l! O& r) H" Z/ u7 h+ M3 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢( _! r1 X; i% Y* ` Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：4 j! R2 F. m O2 D9 W6 g! f% E9 x
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( w# q, {# o& }+ m3 H3 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。8 z+ X, U" O: [% K7 k9 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是8 v, ?$ p) Q6 L2 z# M# Q0 {" \" t. q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' k6 }7 M1 X6 y8 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( p0 o X8 d( e# j" }mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违" q& t2 o1 `- V; G10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; o: i# A* P zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得9 T8 g! h: F% t* o) {; \3 `9 s1 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲- S5 d- A% y! j7 ^4 A& Y
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/ @3 g0 h" x' R* n. L$ l) emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违/ M& u. b+ H6 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 |1 W+ z/ D, P1 S% ^6 `; X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，& e2 v+ n" p) Z# i: \) u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- ^ m: c" W) \- j9 m! M# ^7 G/ B; e9 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 M. _7 ^" A: {' Q- ]) nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' n+ M y# z6 K4 X gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。7 p8 h1 n2 N+ Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。9 i t! k1 o: i+ y
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& A# L9 Q4 [, Q/ omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：$ U+ A$ r4 Y" @' {6 v3 P; [% K# jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义/ s) T$ d- q/ C: ]/ K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！3 j' g% i. p$ k" H9 V! x4 u3 |
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- s' ]$ n+ k: [$ l! Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。4 j! |( Z) n& V! \8 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述7 p- J: V) R' J1 l# s& M0 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊) K6 Q6 x& t$ K+ ], e* s2 F- m' Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。) @6 V# r L% r; zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。' u3 {' i9 \0 u6 Z9 K
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——" J4 k I7 r- @: d" w- j8 c# ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ p Q( J9 R$ w$ t" G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。* A& p! F9 c) {* ~# f" t% I$ Z, L+ l
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6 l& P$ \7 C4 x- U+ H; rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：' r8 d1 [: S+ v
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# w+ `6 J( T" x7 O# H! ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。1 @# t. w! g4 U! L9 J; T$ \' dmso-font-kerning:0pt">”- O' T/ {. `7 z }. M; X& \. E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个9 ~* B1 S, k2 S1 Q5 B
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: I5 g1 i. M5 m; dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬2 w h6 `1 [- B; [6 U& ^: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">” ?/ `5 C% D7 @6 I w6 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为/ |; G8 Z% M) F! V+ q/ |
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- k# N/ l, }0 O/ x: X' rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道& F" U3 O$ T. K9 Z4 K6 g: C; Q0 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。; {, k% D( b8 s3 r. U. u- J* F
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W7 B- k& I1 STahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：' t; ^/ e4 [. }% {9 h s- Q0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的( h( Z: @( m7 Q9 X+ s/ U9 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) \% X( M$ V0 G& _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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+ r1 z/ ]! G+ @% T6 Q7 y; z `" ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思% V S$ x9 M) {1 M9 \$ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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